Types of Fabric Dyeing

There are several types and brands of fabric dyes. These are broken down into four major categories: natural dyes, acidic dyes, disperse dyes and fiber-reactive dyes. Different dyes work best on different fabrics, meaning that the type of cloth you are dying should determine which dye you need.

Natural dyes

Natural dyes, which are often protein dyes, are best for use on natural fibers such as wool. This type of dye comes in a variety of rich colors; it is considered the least-permanent type of dye. Natural dyes might make one think of eco-friendly dyes, but read your labels; not all natural dyes are eco-friendly.

Disperse dyes

Disperse dyes are used primarily on polyester fabrics and require high heat during the dying process. This type of dye is best for use on Ingeo, a new synthetic fabric made from corn.

Fiber-reactive dyes

Fiber reactive or vat dyes are used on cotton and other cellulose-based fabrics. This is a long-lasting dye because the dye literally bonds with the cellulose fiber. This type of dye is generally charcterized by bright and vibrant colors.

Acidic dyes

Acidic dyes might sound as if they pose a danger but often are quite safe to use because they are mostly made from non-caustic or mild acids such as vinegar. This is the best type of dye to use with fabrics such as silk and cashmere.

When planning to dye fabric explore your options and choose a dye that is appropriate for the type of fabric with which you want to work. In addition, remember to read labels and watch for safety warnings.